The skywalk operators offer lift facility between 8 am and 8 pm everyday and the lift has a capacity of 1,000 kg. It can lift 13 people at once and during power cuts too, the lifts are operational using generators.
On April 25, the skywalk was opened to public. Rajdeep Buildcon Private Company invested Rs 2.25 crore to build the skywalk along with two lifts. These lifts were installed to help elders, physically challenged and others who are unable to climb the staircase. The company’s management claims that nearly 600 to 800 people use the lift facility from 9.30 to 11.30 am and 4.30 to 6.30 pm.
BBMP has deployed two operators throughout the day to ensure the safety of the users. “We have invested a huge amount on this project with a motto to serve people. But many pedestrians do not use it,” said H S Harish, Assistant manager of Rajdeep Buildcon Private Company.But for some pedestrians, it has come as a relief.
For the full report in the New Indian Express, click here
I wonder what the PPP terms are, and how the operation can be sustainable. And, when it is supposed to be a PPP, why is BBMP deploying two operators?
Muralidhar Rao
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List_of_Sky_Walk_Locations_in_East,_South_&_West_Zone[1] basavaraj.doc | 115.5 KB |
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Good to see this. Wish to have in many other places
Good to see the way it is deployed and how people are using it. Wish we could have many more such facilities around the city. Following locations badly need it:
1. In front of Mysore Road Satellite Bus Stand where I was about to be jammed between a truck and a bus 3 years back posted here
2. Outer Ring Road between Silkboard and Hebbal where signal free roads are proposed without even thinking of how pedestrains would cross the road. I am wondering how ORRCA has kept mum without any concerns of their employees. ORRCA can build up in PPP model in co-ordination with BDA since ORR is built and maintained by BDA.
3. Koramangala Inner Ring Road in front of EGCL where hundreds of people cross the road after getting down the city bus.
4. Corporation Circle probably in a Circular fashion enabling easy changeover of buses for Pedestrains .
5. Various places along Airport Road.
6. In Bangalore Railway Station, Footover Bridge within the station should be connected to that of Majestic BMTC Bus Stand to eliminate multiple "climb up", "get down" to reach Majestic Bus Station.
BDA and BBMP before thinking of signal free corridors should think of Pedestrain crossings..
I woulf prefer Mumbai type sky-walks
I would any day prefer the Mumbai type sky-walks than these cost-ineffective pursuits of the BBMP.
over a hundred sky-walks coming up
A list of a hundred odd sky-walks coming up across the city is attached to the original post. Frankly, I am not quite in favour of them, for reasons already stated.
My option would be for the Mumbai type sky-walks (check the post above), particularly at fly-over junctions and high pedestrian density corridors.
Elevated walkway
Here is a circular elevated walkway in Pudong district of Shanghai
Circular walkway
another circular skywalk in Japan across a junction
just another revenue-oriented pursuit
Bangaloreans are hardly using the skywalks built to cross the roads. However, the Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) is going ahead with its plans to construct 120 skywalks under private public partnership (PPP) model.
- - - “Each flyover will be constructed at a cost of Rs 2 crore. We will not spend a single rupee on this project. In fact, BBMP will earn Rs 5 lakh per year from rent and also advertisement tax from private companies,” he said. Private companies are allowed to put hoardings on the bridge, he added.
Meanwhile, urban planning expert V Ravichander has questioned the need to build so many skywalks as people are hardly using the seven existing skywalks.
“There is no need for 120 skywalks that too when the existing ones are under utilised. Pedestrians should be given prominence. They should be provided with a safe surface level facility to cross roads,” he said.
“Skywalks should not be constructed for the sake of advertisements and hoardings,” Ravichander observed.
For the full report in the New Indian Express, click here.
Again, a largely revenue-oriented pursuit (check here for more on that), in the name of the pedestrian, that will besides add to uglification of the city resulting from the ads. More than providing any value, these will only inconvenience the pedestrian even more. And, just see above for the kind of innovative solutions that cities, which have genuine considerations for the pedestrians, provide.
One really hopes there is a re-think on this mis-adventure.
Skywalks in Bangalore
I agree with Ravichander. Has any data been collected on the utilisation of existing skywalks by pedestrians in Bangalore. And what is the data on the number of jaywalking even at the places where skywalks have been provided? Is the government getting into commercial deals or should it be concentrating on providing better governnace and better delivery system?
Has there been any study/assessment done on wether population preferred to use skywalks. Are they more conscious of and educated about road sense and safety? Have they developed a better sense of civic responsibilities and behaviour?
Further and esssentially, if the people responsible for planning city's development were more conscious that the healthy growth of city depends not on what appears great on paper or how much money is spent but upon providing appropriate insfrastructure for city dwellers on the ground, at the level where the target section understands and accepts it. If they only cater to builders, traders and automobile lobbies to safeguard their interests, and at the same time do not understand that for any project to succeed, it must be user friendly, Bangalore will continue to multiply its woes. Till then you will see chaos on the roads because virtually every street has become commercial, and people will need to cross roads. Among pedestrians will be elderly, differently abled and children and women. There will be several who are just not comfortable using mechanical medium. Providing 'lifts' is a fancy idea in our conditions. First of all there are those who are petrified of elevators. What happens when it develops a defect? What happens when power failure happens without notice? There will also be those who come from rural areas with little understanding of city life. And most importantly, our system which can not prevent stray cattle and dogs from roaming on the streets, from where will the authorities suddenly find the will and means to control pedestrians from crossing roads at their will?
Let us get our priorities right. First understand right, then plan right, then educate right then provide appropriate infrastructure (including uninterrupted 24x365 days power) and then think of fancy projects. Better to provide more flyovers and underpasses for vehicular traffic, better mass transport and connectivity, restricted/no use of individual motorised transport (including two wheelers) particularly in areas where skywalks are proposed, better pavements. An alternative should be found not for the pedesrtians, but for those who use individual mechanical transport to clog our roads and endanger pedestrians' lives. Broadly, no vehicular traffic should be allowed on streets that have become commercial. And lastly, NO DISCRETION OR EXCEPTIONS.
Barricade Sidewalks
Given a choice, I don’t think anyone anywhere in the world would prefer to use skywalks or pedestrian subways when cross-overs across streets on surface are also left wide open, inviting pedestrians to cross on the surface rather than climb up or down.
Skywalks are grossly under-utilized in Bangalore, no doubt, but this does not mean that the city does not need them at all – the city is in no way different than others. Similar to cities abroad, BBMP must barricade sidewalks & increase the height of median dividers on streets to ensure people use them rather than just build these skywalks & adopt a laissez-faire attitude as to what happens after constructing them.
An example is the pedestrian subway at city railway station – since the road has been cordoned off, all people use the subway for crossing over without any qualms & without exception, whereas almost everywhere else, we see people ignoring them – only because roads have not sufficiently been barricaded & cordoned off.
Where skywalks?
Skywalks only serve their purpose when the total crossing distance is 6 lanes or more because with a 20 sec ped phase 4 lanes of traffic can be crossed. More than 20 seconds will need the ped phase to be broken up with a traffic island, except the wait time in the island will be equal to atleast 2 signal pahses of traffic.
If you notice the japanese circular skywalk picture above it has its vestibule going into the building on 2 sides instead of on to the sidewalk. The Pudong circular skywalk covers a large area so is more efficient. Compare with the skywalks we have put up in Bangalore. It takes more time going up & down than crossing on the surface.
For maximum pedestrian efficiency dont put up skywalks or subways on 4 lane roads or less (which is most of Bangalore city. 6 lane roads with signals will need a ped island in the median so as to make the surface crossing easier. So you will notice most of Bangalore dont need skywalks except on the highways.
The only other place a skywalk/subway will work is when there is substantial cross flow between an origin & destination like between 2 public utilities or between high foot fall businesses like malls etc. In these cases the skywalk/subway should enter the primeses directly from where the exceptional non OD traffic will exit the premises onto the sidewalk, example between city railway station & the BMTC busstand
Depends on needs
Skywalks only serve their purpose when the total crossing distance is 6 lanes or more.....It takes more time going up & down than crossing on the surface.....For maximum pedestrian efficiency dont put up skywalks or subways on 4 lane roads or less (which is most of Bangalore city. 6 lane roads with signals will need a ped island in the median so as to make the surface crossing easier. So you will notice most of Bangalore dont need skywalks except on the highways
By this reasoning, most world cities do not need skywalks on most of their roads since 6-lane roads are not common everywhere in most cities.
Below are images of skywalks in Singapore - on roads with 4 lanes (excluding bus bays, if any). Majority of skywalks in Singapore are across 4-lane roads. There are similar skywalks in Hong Kong & Japan that I have seen, even across smaller 2-lane roads (in Island city, Ginza, Tokyo, Kobe, Osaka, etc), but I am unable to find images on the net. Notice the barricades on each side - this is what determines how much it actually gets used by pedestrians.
Suffice to say that there are no rules or standards for road widths as to where they fit or do not - it is dependent on needs & traffic - & Bangalore's pedestrian traffic is high & growing & is set to increase even further once the Metro becomes operational.
I have used those skywalks in
I have used those skywalks in singapore they have been around for long & they are an overkill. I am surprised Sg hasnt torn them down already. I have often wondered why they didnt put a surface ped crossing in those locations. I can show you similar situations in europe where they have given the skywalks the go by & it has worked fine.
I found the elevated crossways across the expressways very useful. For example the bus bays on the AYE near science park are on an elevated slip road & the crossway was used extensively to get across the expressway.
Not an overkill in Indian cities
They may seem like an overkill in most parts of Singapore & old European cities may have dismantled some of them (relatively lighter pedestrian loads & more disciplined traffic), but they certainly would be far more useful in Indian cities, like in old city areas in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan & elsewhere with narrow streets & very high pedestrian /road traffic.
If such skywalks are built with escalators & lifts, they could be a boon for the city. BBMP will have to address issues such as barricading sidewalks /medians to prevent jay walking, ensuring availability of continuous /uninterrupted power + long-term maintenance - these would be the challenges.
Sk walks & Traffic Management
I belive sky walk is must in most part of the city where the traffic density vechicle movement & road width is high especially like ORR near EGCL , ST johns hospital,crist college Nr Dairy circle, Madival Total Mall. Forum, But Barricade on pavements has to incresed in order to people to make use of these skywalk people always finds easy way out by negllecting the danger on road.
Its time For BBMP to think of Bus bay like Gujarath Model in Ring roads. so that there would be smoth moving of vechicles since the road r wide enough to plan such bay . Most of the fly over in Bangalore r un planned i belive Dairy circle & Hebbal is the best as far as i noticed . Silk board signal required a dairy circle model like over bridge n under pass . In future plan i belive engineers will follow that model where four Roads meet. In major Roads the crossings should be avoided so that there would signal atleast for a kilometer or Half a kilometer to avoid congestion In 100ft road therre is lot of crossing n vechicle movement most part of the day is congested . even near domlur bridge a U turn should be planned under the fly over for buses n small vechicles which move towards Domlur so that signal is avoided over there, block median till bridge & divert the traffic so that there would be free movement. Near Egcl Gate Bus stop should be avoided near the main gate even though bus stops near Dell people wait near EGCL gate its sad we R health concious Bangaloreans Dont want to walk even a half a kM for Bus & Block Roads in Between n speak about traffic :(. i noticed lot of Bus stops are near signal junction which should be moved atlest 150 mts away frm junction to avoid snarls.
Skywalks are an exception to
Skywalks are an exception to be used where pedestrians will benefit from using them. Walk along the route & time the total crossing duration & difficulty level for all classes of pedestrians. You will then be in a position to decide what is useful. Skywalks have become an instrument on how to avoid people interrupting the vehicles regardless of how difficult/time waste it is for people to use them on small roads.
Lets do the Domlur study this week & present these options
A pedestrian comes to a
A pedestrian comes to a skywalk, s/he climbs 30 feet and crosses the road which takes at least 3 minutes. He has he got safety, and he reached just across the road. Now a car traveling at 60 kmph will be 3 km away in 3 minutes. Pedestrian dont want skywalks just for the sake of safety. Anyway to maintain 60 kmph you need to have flyovers at all junctions, so instead of sky walks make flyovers and toll it.
Safety on skywalk
sky walks r not only safer it also helps free flow of traffic n there wouldnt be conjestion on roads, yes i do agree its painfull to climb up which may take precious 3mins. lets not only think abt the vechicle which will be 3kms away it will only happen when there is no conjestion it also help the pedistreian not to cross road inbetween the fast moving vechicles in between roads which is dangerous since people Dnt look for zebra crossing most of the time n cross roads according to their wish its a matter of discipline. its good for everybody it also be a form of excersise.... but matter of concern is for Blind N phsically challenged people which has to be addressed .....
city needs proper sky-walks, not useless contraptions
At the Traffic Advisory Committee (TAC) meeting held on the 16th, while on the subject of sky-walks, Mr Kabade, the BBMP official, stated that the tender for the 120 odd skywalks, modelled on the one operational at the Mysore Bank junction, did not receive much of a response, consequent to which, they are now going to be revising the terms slightly and re-issuing the tenders.
A few weeks back, I had occasioned to visit the Kandaya Bhavana (check this), that has come up in the premises adjacent to the Mysore Bank junction sky-walk. Now, the main source of revenue for the sky-walk PPP contractor is through ads on walk-way wall facing the traffic flow, and in order to maximise this area, he has built it up almost to the full height, cutting off whatever little day-light that could creep in onto the walk-way even. The revenue generation having to cover the installation and running costs of the entire paraphernalia, comprising the structure, two lifts, salaries for the operators, power charges, BBMP's charges (apart from bribes), etc, the ad space charge becomes too high for any advertiser to want to contract for it, and consequently, it was not surprising to find the contractor's contact particulars painted on the space, soliciting custom. Besides, the few minutes that I was moving in the vicinity, I don't recall noticing any person using the sky-walk (unless they were well hidden behind the tall walk-way walls), whereas there were enough people 'jay-walking' across the road, even though it can be extremely dangerous at this point. Actually, I wouldn't blame the jay-walkers, since, if they were to use the lifts to go up to the walk-way, it would take a minimum of 3 minutes to cross the junction (that is if they don't have to wait in a queue), as compared to the 5 seconds it will take anyone (except the infirm) to trot across.
Very clearly, everything is wrong about this whole approach, supposedly being pursued with a view to earning a few crores into the revenue kitty, but which, instead of facilitating pedestrian movement, is just adding to pedestrian woes (check my post of the 15th Oct, above). Such revenue-oriented approaches are not limited to BBMP's schemes/ projects alone, but spread right across most government organisations and their respective schemes/ projects (check here for more). Actually, however, if one were to analyse these thoroughly, it will become quite evident that the main attractions in these are the various contracts involved (and kick-backs thereof), that go on behind the revenue-orientation curtain.
With the government's serious capacity limitations, awareness has generally built-up over the years on the need for it to outsource/ privatise all none-core functions. In such a scenario, the PPP mode becomes a very useful tool if used judiciously. But, of course, they can very easily converted to tools for pursuing various individual/ coterie agenda's too, if they are gone about in a non-transparent manner. Instead of demanding that kind of a transparency, some sections of Civil Society are unfortunately demanding reverting to the age-old ways, even if they do not meet present day needs, ending up essentially with the baby going out with the bath-water.
I am now going to be suggesting to the TAC to recommend scrapping of the tender, getting the entire scheme re-looked at by CiSTUP, before proceeding on the matter any further. The city has waited long enough, and a few more months of wait cannot harm it as much as the absolutely useless, and on top of it ugly (with the clutter of the ads) contraptions would, if they are to come up all across the city. I expect I have the support of Prajagalu.
On a comparison, there are kilometers of sky-walks all across Mumbai (with ads on them only at the main road crossings), which are serving a very useful purpose, as has shown up through a survey, acessible here.
Skywalk Contraptions
Yes sir, Mr. Muralidhar,
You have my 100% support.
Next we have to take up the so-called Bus Shelters where no buses stop, but only encroaching and blocking the narrow footpaths just for advt. hoardings and earning money (legal & illegal).
K.V.Pathy
contraption does work!
Praja did quite a lot of research on the pedestrain crossover on OMR near the begining of the cable stayed bridge..and eventually a skywalk was provided there and I was pleased to see it last week being fully utilized even duing afternoon period..
So its more I think to do with the traffic conditions below that will decide pedestrain behaviour!
On KG road, the traffic stops at the lights and this gives ppl a chance to cross road at grade. This is unlike the OMR junction where traffic flows continously and the elevated walk way is the only safe option!
So what was needed in KG road was perhaps better ped crossing facilty at grade rather than the elevated contraption!
relevant comments
Two relevant comments on SaveKoramangala Y-group:
NSS:
Sky walks normally take care of longer stretches coverig more than one road crossings unlike foot over bridges and pedestrian subways both of which are mostly avoided by citizens. The only busy subway in Bangalore appears to be that connecting the Mejestic bus stand and the rly stn. Most others are at best shelters for beggers or uncivic activities. The numbers indicate that, what the plannaers are planning are simple foot over bridges and not sky walks.
VM:
The new global thinking on this ,and especially in city centres,is that pedestrian facilties must be at grade,and vehicle bearing ways can be st different level. Though not easy to ,think of something like this on mg /brigade road or even on some areas on koramangala. The pedestrian area then does not become just a walkway but a true area for human interaction.
revenue maximisation should not be the criterion
@ Srinidhi - Yes, the foot-over-bridge at Krishnarajapuram certainly seems to serve a useful purpose. If the BBMP executes similar projects, they would be welcome. But, unfortunately, BBMP's concentration is on revenue maximisation (or, at least, that's what it is made out to be), and that's when they come up with useless contraptions like the one you have at the Mysore Bank junction. And, that's why I am suggesting that an expert set up like CiSTUP be asked to specify the kind of foot-over-bridges/ sub-ways/ sky-walks that should come up in each of the locations.
The Krishnarajapuram location, if you ask me, would have been an ideal one for a sky-walk, covering the station, and other points too.
16th Feb Citizen's Traffic Forum meeting extracts -1
Extracts from the record notes of the proceedings of the 10th Citizen's Traffic Forum (sometimes it is referred to as Traffic Advisory Committee - TAC) Meeting held on 16-02-2013:
Pedestrian Safety Campaign
Addl. CP, Traffic stated that to minimize pedestrian deaths, pedestrian facilities should be provided to the pedestrians on the streets. BBMP is instructed to restore footpath and skywalks.
Sri. Basavaraj Kabade, Executive Engineer, BBMP, TEC, Bangalore stated that BBMP has not received any single bid for construction of 100 Skywalks in Bangalore City. BBMP will retender the construction works of Skywalks. Some members of committee suggested to change the locations of the Skywalks, as many of the skywalks are not at the right spot. Locations of skywalks may be identified by BBMP where it is more advantageous to pedestrians than presently identified places.
Prof. T.G. Sitharam Stated that, study on the use of Underpasses in Bangalore City has been completed. In the same way, a study may be conducted to identify the locations of skywalks in Bangalore City which will definitely help pedestrians.
Some members of the committee suggested that Skywalk constructed at Marathalli is more than specified height. Due to this, majority of pedestrians are not using the Skywalk. Many of the pedestrians lost their lives due to not using of Skywalk in this junction.
CP, Bangalore City stated that Civic agencies should plan all pedestrian related works and complete accordingly.
As a follow up, I addressed a mail to the Addl Commissioner, Traffic, as below:
Sir, Taking into view what is recorded with reference to "Sky-walks", can we as a body request the Commissioner, BBMP, to have the current tender specs reviewed totally by CiSTUP, before re-tendering. First and foremost, as stated in this comment (my post of 15th Oct, above, as well as many others), the BBMP should be asked to give up its revenue-oriented thinking while planning such infrastructure projects, which is the factor causing the sky-walks to become useless eye-sores.
At-grade crossing?
Why is there so much clamour for sky-walks? And why the need to paint sky-walks as the "panacea" to pedestrian problems?
Pedestrians should be provided crossing facilities at-grade. This has to be non-negotiable. The whole policy of making people climb up steps so that vehicles don't have to stop/slow down isn't right.
Just curious, how exactly does one attend these meetings? Is it open to the public?
question of practicality
@ SridharRaman - Even if one wants to wish away cars, there are still the buses and public utility vehicles that have to move around, and at more than bullock-cart speeds. As such, while you can have at-grade pedestrian crossings in CBD's, and largely residential areas, along arterial roads, it may not always be practical to provide for them, and that's where well designed foot over-bridges/ sub-ways/ sky-walks etc could come in.
picture says it all
Reproducing from my post of 19th Feb (above)
in order to maximise this area, he has built it up almost to the full height, cutting off whatever little day-light that could creep in onto the walk-way even. The revenue generation having to cover the installation and running costs of the entire paraphernalia, comprising the structure, two lifts, salaries for the operators, power charges, BBMP's charges (apart from bribes), etc, the ad space charge becomes too high for any advertiser to want to contract for it, and consequently, it was not surprising to find the contractor's contact particulars painted on the space, soliciting custom.
The picture below, taken about a week back, tells the story in totality.
Similar one needed to connect Railway Station to KBS
Subway connecting SBC to KBS is the most horrible in Bangalore. If a similar one is constructed connecting SBC Footover bridge with KBS footover bridge, it would be very convenient for people instead of climbing and getting down multiple times especially for aged and people carrying huge luggage.
Skywalks/ other Infrastructure Projects of BBMP
Murali You have clearly spelt out the process in your letter to BBMP Commissioner / Addl Com Traffic for future planning and execution of these projects.
After Elections are over I feel we should take up this issue more seriously.
1 Have this discussed in the TAC meeting
2 Form a TEAM ,prepare an Agenda of the points agreed upon and write to the Legislators / Chief Minister to FORMULATE a definite process for future WORKS making it mandatory to get the clerance by the Technical committee / CiSTU before calling for Tender and also strictly MONITOR while works are being executed with a TIME bound process
3. The Govt should allocate the required funds well in advance to facilitate the execution and completion of Projects on Time
4. A co-ordination Committee of all the Stake holders ( CIVIC AGENCIES) should be part of this process, which should give neceesary clearances well before these project works begin.Very often they do not complete their part of the work such as lines shiftiong etc , which hampers the work process.
DorisRaj
Complicating matters
revenue maximisation approach cause of failure to find solutions
Filling a bucket with holes
How can anyone fill a buket with holes. Under such circumstances only leakage maximiztion is possible.
politicising of pedestrian interests
The order (issued by the government in May) asked the BBMP to ensure that 24.1% of the private partners building skywalks belong to the SC ST category. Simply put, of the 54 skywalks planned, 13 should be built by SCST contractors.
With the skywalk project, BBMP aims not only to safeguard pedestrians but also fill its coffers through advertisements. Both the Palike and the private partner concessionaire will rake in revenue through ads on these skywalks.
- - - BBMP administrator TM Vijay Bhaskar told TOI: “There are three major changes to be made in the earlier proposal: have reservation for SCST contractors; increase the concession period; and install an escalator at every skywalk. We could have released the corrigendum to the tender, but nothing can be done now until the elections are over."
For the full text of the report in the ToI, click here.
Essentially, this project is turning out to be just in the interest of the revenue for the BBMP, orders for the contractors, and publicity mileage for the ruling party for garnering SC/ST support in the upcoming BBMP elections - all in the name of the hapless pedestrian.
One had hoped that the administrator, with the kind of reputation he came in with, would be able to steer the project through in the right direction, keeping largely the interest of the key stake-holder, viz the pedestrian in view, as has been suggested in this blog. Alas, it's not to be.
Perhaps, the following excerpts from another report in the ToI (for the full text, click here), points to the bureacrats' helplessness, however well-intentioned they may be.
Sources said Krishna was shifted after he objected to IT-BT minister SR Patil's decision to hand over a project to a private company without inviting bids. The bureaucrat had also objected to the minister's missive to Keonics to buy pillows and blankets without a tender on behalf of the social welfare department, to be distributed among hostel kids.
And, when the inevitable criticisms follow, the government then talks of setting up another vision group, as if the many that are there are not good enough. One had thought that Bengaluru, and Karnataka, deserved a lot better.
poor design and wrong approach
I occasioned recently to cross the Fld Marshall Cariappa road in front of the Bangalore Club. Using the FoB, at the point, I realised why it was hardly used by the multitudes crossing the road even during peak traffic flow. One needed to climb an extra 5 steps (marked clearly in the picture) because of the poor design of providing the support webbings below the walk-way.
This is quite the case with the FoB at Domlur exit on Indiranagar 100ft road, the one near Sophia school, etc, too.
Fortunately, this anomaly has been corrected in the new ones erected near Christ College, and a few other places.
But, here again, they went and complicated matters because of their "revenue maximisation approach" (read my post of 29th Apr,'15 - scrolling above), leading eventually to their having to abandon the ones proposed at Domlur junction, Dell bus-stop on IRR (after having undertaken the excavation work at these spots - presently covered behind corrugated sheets), with no contractors coming forward to even bid for them.
Apparently, BBMP can learn only one lesson at a time.
What an idea, Sir-ji?