Bangalore News

BBMP suspends two officers for illegal lake work  Deccan Herald

Auto Inc focusses on sustainability on World Environment Day  The Financial Express

Is there a role for informal waste pickers in the new waste economy?  Qrius

Editor’s Note: The previous BJP government had announced its Bengaluru Mission 2022, under which 25 lakes were identified and funds were granted by the BBMP and CM’s Nava Nagarothana scheme in December 2020.

Three years after the announcement, with an eye on the Karnataka Elections 2023 on January 25th, the BJP government claimed in an advertisement that “47 lakes had been developed under the Nava Nagarothana scheme at the cost of 317.25 crores.”

The reality, however, is in contrast to the claims, as a citizen found out. The author, a birdwatcher, a naturalist, and a passionate conservationist did the rounds of six lakes and documented his findings of the status on the ground.

In the first part of the series, the author examines the status of four lakes. These are Doddakallasandra, Kothnur, Yelachenahalli and Chunchaghatta lakes. All the lakes are part of the so-called rejuvenated lakes.

Doddakallasandra Lake

Doddakallasandra Lake is biodiversity rich. A biodiversity report by ActionAid Association, with support from NTT Data Services, was prepared in 2020, during which 71 birds were observed over a period of 12 months, covering different trees, plants, birds and plants, butterflies. We now find that the lake is visited by 111 species of birds.

Now, we (lake volunteers) have been very conscious about the lake’s water quality. We have ensured, in over one year, that the water quality is under Class D, suitable for wildlife and fisheries. There is a constant check on entry of pollutants. Different local community members also contribute to keeping an eye.

Whenever there is an entry of a pollutant, they alert us so that we raise it with the concerned officials and ensure that it is sorted out within at least a week’s time.

Our observations:

• We have noticed that all the harvested macrophytes/aquatic plants and grass from the lake waters are placed on the bund and left for as long as three to four months. This adds to the risk of this grass getting back to the lake waters and affecting the water body.
• Apart from this, we are also not happy with the way solid waste management is done. The maintenance people collect all the waste accumulated in the wetland or in the lake and place it on the bund again. During the monsoon period, most of this solid waste goes back to the lake.
• Recently, we observed that the accumulated garbage is being burnt and that it is sometimes buried in some of the areas, where people don’t walk. So maintenance is a big challenge.
• We found two instances of underground (UGD) chamber spillover, which entered the lake through rainwater, harvested structures and polluted the lake, sometime in February this year, and again in May, during the monsoon rains.
• At present, we have seen issues with the diversion channel silt that has accumulated, due to which the water movement flow has slowed down. Sometimes, it is also backing up, as the sewage diversion channel has not been opened up for two years. It is filled with silt and has clogged in portions. This leads to it backing up into one of the inlets and joining the lake.

Status of Doddakallasandra Lake in May 2023. Pic: Raghavendra B Pachhapur

We have brought this to the notice of the BBMP officials, but a solution is yet to be found. Just four days ago when I visited Doddakallasandra, I could see fishes gasping for air.

I have seen this in other lakes as well. So it is likely that the water within the lake has now reached an optimum level, where dissolved oxygen is reduced drastically. We need to see the water test result to check the status.

Read more: Whom do you call to fix your lake?

Kothanur Lake

Kothanur Lake is on one of the streams contributing to the Koramangala-Challaghatta (KC) Valley. Its catchment area is around Jamboo Savari Dinne, which is one of the highest points of Bengaluru. It is situated on a lower gradient, it is nearly 30 feet lower than the main road.

We have observed two main issues:

1. Solid waste: It has two inlets, one of the main inlets collects more rainwater. Unfortunately, this inlet also brings in solid waste and plastics along with it to the lake. Maintenance is one of the main challenges of this lake. The present practice in maintenance is (after many requests with the concerned officials) that they come and collect all the solid waste and keep it on the bunds.

The unhealthy practice of keeping the solid waste and plastics on the bund is dangerous for the birds that come to visit the lake and it also tends to go back into the lake.

2. Sewage: Houses are built up to the gates of the lake, one of the UGD chambers right opposite to the lake gate, which constantly overflows. The UGD line connects to the houses near the lake entrance, and a diversion channel at Kothanur lake runs under the walking path. So, the local sewage from the UGD is carried towards the lake, and connects it to the Rajakaluve next to the lake. This leads to multiple instances of overflowing sewage entering the lake. BWSSB has responded, but often quite late. There is an issue with the UGD infrastructure in that area, which has not been addressed so far.

One of the challenges is second and third smaller inlets, which bring untreated water from the village, while BWSSB claims it is not sewage water and excuses themselves while BBMP Lakes department claims it is from the village and we cannot do anything about it.

The lake has seen two instances of Fishkill this year and two instances last year too. In spite of numerous complaints to KSPCB hasn’t helped in stopping this polluted water intrusion into the lake.

So maintenance is one of the major issues with this lake, particularly during the monsoons. It needs regular upkeep. Solid waste should be disposed off from the lake, and not to be placed on the bund.

Solid waste from the lake is deposited on the bund by the authorities at Kothanur lake in May 2023. Pic: Raghavendra B Pachhapur Yelachenahalli lake

Yelachenahalli lake or Anayapa tank, as referred to by the Pollution Control Board, is linked by a stormwater drain, which is a source of water. The stormwater drain is filled with silt and water.

It passes through one side of the drain as the water flows through the drain. There is a road culvert, after which it enters the lake area. There is a dive drain with a structure in it.

This has got a diversion drain and it also enters the lake. Now, that structure where the diversion drain starts, is again filled with stormwater silt and is heavily filled with polluted silt.

If it is not cleaned, all the silt from the stormwater drain and the structure area enters the lake area. Further down the lake there is a small suspension pond.

Before the suspension pond, there is a small culvert, which is inside the lake. Under this culvert the colour of the water is blackish. Further through the suspension pond, the water’s colour changes to parrot green, where algal growth has already set in and is in the last stage of blooming.

If you refer to the Pollution Control Board report for the month of April. It is already classified as category E, which is not conducive for wildlife and fisheries.

There is a history of fish kill, probably due to the entry of chemicals last year. And so there is an urgent need to clear all the silt and get ready for the monsoons before all the silt enters into the lake.

Read more: Why pre-monsoon showers lead to fish kill cases in Bengaluru’s Lakes

Chunchaghatta lake

Chunchaghatta lake is a part of the Koramangala-Challaghatta Valley (KC Valley) stream. Upstream, it is connected through Kothanur lake and downstream it is connected to Sarakki lake. It has got one major Rajakaluve inlet. Rajakaluve inlet is more or less comparatively clean as it passes through the local developed area and UGD is not a major issue at this point of time, but there are surprises sometimes, which have been caught and stopped. Recently, on May 27th, I observed a live stream of untreated water running into the #ChunchaghattaLake.

BBMP had recently developed a suspension pond for the benefit of the lake because it has now been taking all sorts of water, filtering it to some extent, and then forwarding it to the larger lake.

Chunchaghatta is special, because compared to other lakes, it has a shallow water region in some portions where water reduces, so it attracts nearly threatened species like painted stork, oriental darter, black headed ibis.

These three bird species have been regular visitors during the shallow waters. As for the issues, BBMP did not prepare the suspension pond because the lake had already accumulated so much silt in the last one and a half to two years that it was not cleaned.

It is now filled with water with all the recent rains. Unfortunately, the water will carry a lot of nutrients. But there are other inlets, particularly linked to the local village. These inlets bring in untreated water during the dry season as well, and BWSSB has not been able to fix it so far.

It also brings in a lot of solid waste, which is already spread across the lake bed. Again, maintenance is one of the major challenges. The maintenance is not up to the mark and they don’t regularly clear all the solid waste on the lake bed.

They also had this practice of keeping the solid waste on the bund most of the time. It has been entering the water again during the last few rains. A lot of plastic waste has entered the lake bed. It is already filled up on the lake bed, which is why the water level is increasing. And it is not being cleaned. So in the coming days, I think maintenance should be taken up on a regular basis.

[The second part of the series will explore the condition of three other lakes]

Also read:

• Polluted lakes, poor waste management contaminating Bengaluru’s groundwater
•  MOUs or no MOUs, citizen groups continue the fight to save Bengaluru’s lakes
• Govt claims 47 lakes developed and 17 underway, but this is not quite true

How monsoon ready are the lakes of Bengaluru? was published on Citizen Matters, Bengaluru

Karnataka CM appeals to 'financially abled' to give up guarantees, trim government's burden  The New Indian Express

Unbeaten evil of single-use plastic  Deccan Herald

Unbeaten evil of single-use plastic  Deccan Herald

Traffic, road works put brakes on cycling plans  The New Indian Express

200 units of power free in Karnataka, but with several riders  The New Indian Express

May 2023 wettest since 1957: IMD

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) on May 30th issued a yellow alert for Bengaluru and 10 other districts. There might be a temporary disruption of electricity in some areas, minor traffic snarls, and uprooting of trees and branches.

May, this year, was the wettest for the city in recorded history, with nearly 30.1 cms of rainfall, breaking a 66-year record of 28 cms, set in May 1957. Every year since 2015, the May rainfall hovered above the mean monthly total of 128.7 mms.

However, the pre-monsoon showers has brought more threatening potholes on the roads, which the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) is hurrying to fix.  

On May 30th, many arterial roads, including parts of the Outer Ring Road, were flooded and traffic-ridden following torrential rains. It made several underpasses ponds, although authorities tried to place barricades. The worst affected roads were Bellandur near EcoSpace, Bannerghatta Road near Sagar Hospital junction, Lingarajapuram underpass, Sivananda Circle, Chickpet Main Road, Sankey Road and KR Circle underpasses and Old Madras Road near RMZ Infinity.

The city needs about 658 kms of stormwater drains and nature-based solutions, such as ‘sponge city’, to prevent urban flooding, said a report released by property consultant, Knight Frank India.

Chief Commissioner Tushar Giri Nath said that BBMP is “galvanised” to face the rains, following the directions from the Deputy Chief Minister D K Shivakumar. He said that all zonal commissioners, joint commissioners, chief engineers and executive engineers, along with the forest wing, have been directed to be on high alert and monitor the situation. He warned of strict action against negligent officials.

Source: Deccan Herald, The Hindu, Indian Express

Cauvery Stage V delayed

The Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB) is facing hurdles in implementing the Cauvery Stage V project, which is trying to provide drinking water to 110 villages in the city’s outskirts. Residents will need to wait for at least three more months.

The project is only 75% complete, with its progress slowed down due to dependency on the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). An official said that works are overlapping, and they can only lay some of their infrastructure after the bridges are constructed by the NHAI. The pandemic too led to delay, as they faced a shortage of industrial oxygen that stalled progress.

Source: Deccan Herald

Read more: Treated water from one-third of BWSSB sewage treatment plants is unsafe

Energy-efficient desalination unit

A novel thermal desalination system, using solar energy, has been developed by researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), which is energy-efficient, cost-effective, portable and convenient for areas with limited access to continuous electricity. The unit helps to increase the availability of clean and potable water.

Thermal desalination helps to convert saline water into vapour that is free of salt and minerals. When condensed, it forms freshwater, but it consumes a lot of energy. The IISc is replacing the use of electricity and fossil fuels with solar stills, to evaporate saltwater in large reservoirs and collect the vapour that condenses on a transparent roof. The researchers want to scale up the system and improve its durability, to expand the volume of drinking water for domestic and commercial uses.

Source: Indian Express

Demand to implement five guarantees

Bescom officials are now up against a number of customers refusing to pay their electricity bills, citing the new Congress government’s promise to implement one of its five guarantees of supplying free power up to 200 units. Some customers ask deduction for the first 200 units. Bescom officials have asked people to pay their bills within the stipulated time or warn that they will disconnect the power supply as per the policy decision, unless the government gives an order.

Meanwhile, the proposed implementation of the ‘Gruha Lakshmi’ scheme, offering a monthly subvention of Rs 2,000 to the female head of houses, is said to have stirred conflicts in houses between mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law. Family members argue over who should receive the monthly cash incentive

Also, Greenpeace India has lauded the free bus travel for women but called it only the first step in a series of measures to reform the public transportation sector, including increasing the BMTC fleet to 14,000. It called for multiple interventions to make public transport accessible and affordable, including a 24X7 grievance redressal mechanism.

Greenpeace’s message ‘Bus for women, Bus for all’ before Vidhan Soudha. Pic: Twitter/greenpeaceindia

They include reservation of seats for women, elderly and sexual minorities, bus lanes to decongest the roads and making bus commutes timely and reliable.

As pressure mounts for implementation of the guarantees, the State’s Rural Development and Panchayat Raj Minister, Priyank Kharge, said that criteria and frameworks are being decided.

Source: The New Indian Express, Times of India, Deccan Herald, Indian Express

Read more: Lack of public consultation is a hindrance to holistic lake development in Bengaluru

New police chief

B Dayananda, Additional Director General of Police (ADGP) has been named the new city’s police commissioner. A transfer order regarding four senior IPS officials was issued. B Dayananda replaces C H Pratap Reddy.

He was an officer of the 1994 batch. He was the joint commissioner of police (crime) and headed the city’s traffic department too.

He said that his department will prioritise traffic management with coordination from civic agencies.

Source: Deccan Herald, Indian Express, The Hindu

[Compiled by Revathi Siva Kumar]

Also read:

• What Bengaluru’s TB control programme tells us about efficiency of health systems for migrants
• Engaging communities in informal settlements in the climate change agenda

Bengaluru Buzz: Wettest May since 1957 | Cauvery V delayed … and more was published on Citizen Matters, Bengaluru

Scum undone  Bangalore Mirror

Solar installations up 85% in Gujarat  Times of India

Bengaluru is now increasingly witnessing the combined effects of climate change and rapid urbanisation in varied forms. Be it the heat island effect, or increased intensity of rainfall over a shorter duration of time, flooding different city areas.

Yet, climate responsive strategies largely remain obscured in developmental strategies as well as governance models.

Impact on informal settlements

The harshest brunt of this situation is borne by people living in informal settlements across Bengaluru. The city has almost 2000+ slums spread across, with only 25% of these slums having access to some basic services.

These settlements are constructed using heat-absorbing materials like tin, asbestos, tarpaulin etc. which causes the heat to remain trapped indoors. Homes in these settlements also do not have any ventilation, except for their front doors.

Due to a lack of resources the priorities of residents in these settlements do not include climate change, adaptation and mitigation strategies, precisely because their immediate needs remain unaddressed. Additionally, climate change remains an abstraction for them, which provides no immediate monetary or service-based incentive.

How then to make residents be active participants in the agenda of climate change? This was the vantage point of our climate pilot. The idea was to turn climate change into a tangible concept for these communities, working upon which they can also gain monetary and other benefits in the long run.

Read more:  Bengaluru: Still unprepared to face unusual weather events due to climate change

Climate pilot

Palaniamma has been living with her husband and son in a 2-room semi-pucca house in Janakiram Layout for the last 15 years. She and her husband are sugar cane juice sellers. Their son is a daily wage construction worker.

The whole settlement of Janakiram Layout is located on Railway land and the settlers own a “Parichay Patra” that says they have been living in the area for a long time. They do not have access to legal electricity connections and rely completely on illegal connections from nearby electrical posts.
Palaniamma’s home is a typical slum dwelling. It is congested, with a leaky asbestos roof, and no ventilation except the front door. Due to sudden and frequent electricity cuts and voltage fluctuations, she has had to change damaged appliances like TV, fridge, etc. multiple times.

Mahila Housing Trust (MHT) is a grassroots, socio-technical organisation that works to strengthen the collectives of women in the urban informal sector and advocate action on improving housing living and working environments. MHT, in collaboration with SELCO Foundation–which seeks to inspire and implement socially, financially and environmentally inclusive solutions by improving access to sustainable energy)–implemented a climate pilot in Janakiram Layout in Bengaluru.

Palaniamma discussing her issues with the MHT and Selco team outside her house. Pic courtesy: MHT team About the Demonstration Pilot

The pilot included the installation of a solar home lighting system to remove dependence on illegal grid connections. This involved designing a roofing mechanism, which consisted of:

• Solar reflective white paint over the existing roofing sheet and
• A water and fire-resistant false ceiling with a 45mm gap was also installed inside the house

The combination of both these technologies was to reduce indoor temperatures by 2-3℃. It will also prevent any water leakages from the roof.

The solar home lighting system is currently supporting the entire energy requirement of Palaniamma’s household, including all the appliances that she requires for her day-to-day usage. If she had a legal electricity connection, she would incur a bill of at least Rs 450-500 per month for electricity usage.
Post the technological interventions, Palaniamma admits happily that there was absolutely no leakage from the roof even during very heavy rains. Her thermal discomfort has reduced to a great extent as well. With the solar energy system in place, she had uninterrupted access to electricity, unlike other houses in the neighbourhood, which faced power cuts. Another added benefit is that her house now has a greater aesthetic value. She has received a lot of compliments on how beautiful her new roof looks.

The pilot installation has led to reduced temperatures in Palaniamma’s house vis-à-vis other houses in the slum, according to our initial records. We will track the performance of this pilot over the course of a few months. The pilot has seen effective reduction in temperatures during the summers (between 2-5 degrees) and due to solarisation, she incurs less cost on electricity. Also, the house doesn’t frequent power cuts.

The asbestos roofing that existed before the climate pilot. Pic courtesy: MHT Team False Roofing Intervention due to the climate pilot. Pic courtesy: MHT Team

Read more: How Bengaluru youth are taking part in the global movement against climate change

Participation in the Climate Change Agenda

We had envisioned utilising this pilot as a tool for engaging communities in the climate change agenda, which is a fairly abstract concept for them. The pilot has led to an emerging curiosity and dialogue around the issue of climate change within the settlement. Women are now also eager to know more about renewable energy installations for their own homes, customised as per their own needs. Palaniamma was also invited as one of our speakers during the City Resource Forum (CRF) meeting and she talked about the benefits of the pilot.

This intervention has enabled MHT to mobilise women, form a community action group (CAG), and provide formal training on climate change. The training provides insights on the intersection of climate change, urban governance, and public participation.

MHT’s ultimate goal is to empower the CAG members and encourage them to become active participants in the climate change agenda at the city level through avenues like the Citizen resource forum “Ellara Bengaluru”, and ward meetings.

Also read:

• Bengaluru’s climate change history and lessons to learn
• Cities must focus on disaster resilient infrastructure in the era of climate change

Engaging communities in informal settlements in the climate change agenda was published on Citizen Matters, Bengaluru

Despite the previous government’s claims of developing 47 lakes in Bengaluru at the cost of Rs 317.25 crore, under the Nava Nagarothana scheme, with an additional Rs 200 crore being sanctioned to restore 17 lakes, the process of lake maintenance is shrouded in issues. Chief among these is the lack of transparency and access to information, poor enforcement of laws, and above all, absence of public consultation. 

Environmentalists and citizen groups have worked against these odds to protect lakes, but questions remain on why public consultation is not duly followed and why lakes continue to be encroached upon and overflow with sewage. It was to address these issues that Citizen Matters, Bengaluru, organised a webinar, Missing: Public participation in lake development in Bengaluru, on May 26th. 

Read more: Lake development: Politicians seek publicity, but leave the public clueless

The panelists included Bijoy Venugopal, bird watcher and founder-editor of The Green Ogre. He is part of a group of active birdwatchers pushing for Saul Kere development to be biodiversity friendly. Nirmala Gowda, co-founder of Paani.earth, a citizen-led research initiative that is building up a detailed database on the river-basins of the Cauvery basin. Ram Prasad, co-founder of Friends of Lakes and leading advocate for transparent and scientific lake management, and Soumya ND, Member, Yelahanka Puttenahalli Lake and Bird Conservation Trust, a citizen group monitoring the above mentioned lake.

Lakes in an urban context

Ram Prasad makes a distinction between perspectives on lakes in rural vis-à-vis the urban context. In rural areas, lakes are important for livelihood whereas in urban areas the quality of water is ignored because the city gets imported water. “A lake in an urban context is only for recreational and beautification purposes. There is a need to reimagine what the lake means in the urban aspiration. Urban aspiration is being taken away by a certain section of people, who are looking at it as real estate value and not for its environmental value,” says Ram Prasad. 

Nirmala, then, spoke about the work Paani.earth, which aims to empower citizens with a database of river basin information. “We look at issues from a lake perspective and zoom out from the river basin perspective.” Nirmala spoke about the unscientific restoration of Byramangala lake. 

The High Court issued a stay order on the works in 2020, which continues till today. “The use of the lake is for irrigation. Wastewater, which comprises industrial effluents and sewage, has been entering Vrishabhavathy river and Byaramangala lake, since 1980s till the 2000s, due to the industrialisation of Bengaluru. The farmers would not have access to water for their livelihood.” Nirmala says they ran from pillar to post to get the Detailed Project Report (DPR). They finally got it via filing an RTI. “We translated the DPRs into Kannada and took it to the farmers and women, and explained to them the implications of the restoration projects.” 

Regarding the experience with Bellandur technical committee, Nirmala says: “There were two or three public hearings. Scientists were saying one thing to the public and the exact opposite inside the technical committee. Bangalore Environment Trust (BET) made hand drawn maps and used it for discussions during the Bellandur technical committee meetings. We got the data that these are the lakes that drain into Bellandur, these are the stressors. This was used in the technical committee meetings.” Paani.earth was started, Nirmala says, because they didn’t want people to struggle to get information. 

Bijoy says he wanted to go beyond bird watching and delve deeper into other aspects of biodiversity. ‘’In 2020, I was part of a lake survey by BngBirds, Environment Support Group (ESG), and several others. We surveyed about 30 lakes around the city. At that point it came to my attention that we were looking at a larger problem. Our core job was to document biodiversity there, but we also made note extensively of the other problems that pervaded these lakes. For instance, we noticed that many of the lakes were being constructed like soup bowls. Part of our orientation was to understand what should be the ideal wetlands. It should be commons, not fenced, and not cut off to the general public.”

Saul Kere. Pic: Bijoy Venugopal

Bijoy adds: “We have seen the problems of raw sewage inflow. Most of us in Bellandur lake were victims of the floods last year. Late December, last year, we came across a flex banner just outside Saul Kere announcing that the lake would be developed and beautified. That rang a lot of alarm bells for us.” 

Read more: Saul Kere, a biodiversity hotspot in the city might never be the same again

Bijoy says they noticed there was no transparency in information. “We realised that no real conversations were happening between administrative bodies and citizens. Also, as most of us know, BBMP hasn’t even had an election in the last few years, so you don’t know who is responsible for what. We have seen the systematic destruction of these public commons.” He makes a pertinent point that talking to citizen groups is not the same as informing citizens.

“A lake is not just a body of shimmering water, it is also the vegetation that surrounds it. It is what plants live in that water, what creatures does the water support. That entire web of life is quite fascinating for us. It is not clear what the milestones are for lake development. Keeping this process opaque works for those with vested interests.”

Soumya spoke about her experience of how they worked to get the lake entrusted in the care of the forest department and out of the hands of the BBMP.  “We had already interacted with the forest department and the lake was under the custodianship of the Forest department for quite some time. When we saw what was happening with all the other lakes that were under BBMP we thought that maybe BBMP’s intention is right. But it was more people centric whereas the forest department was more nature centric. The forest department was more open to suggestions and has created a lake management committee. They call us to understand what we have in mind. Transparency is not that big of an issue for us while working with the forest department,” Soumya says. 

Lakes are not public parks

For any rejuvenation of lakes one has to go through the KTCDA. Without a DPR if you do any lake rejuvenation it is not right, Ram Prasad stresses. 

Nirmala adds that significant political interference at the MLA level creates problems. “Media doesn’t do enough scientific reporting. Transformation at the citizen level is required.”

She disagrees that lakes should be transformed into parks. “From a lake perspective, the space is not meant for jogging parks and gyms. We should be able to think beyond ourselves. Water coming into the lake is bypassed. We need to know how that bypassed water affects certain settlements-this is not factored in.” 

Citizen engagement

However, citizen engagement is important to get people interested in protecting the lakes. Soumya says, regarding citizen participation, they have a huge community of 300 to 400 people. 

Ram Prasad advises to get a lake vision document ready before lake rejuvenation starts. “In an urban context, we need social activity to keep an eye on the lake. When the DPR is being prepared, the public should be consulted. We prepared a lake health index, for which we interviewed people. We found that nobody is talking about water. Citizens should engage with the water too.”

Conclusion

However, there seems to be no easy answers on how to get the authorities accountable, how to get more credible and in-depth information in one place that is easily available and accessible to citizens.

Watch the full discussion here:

Also read:

• Saul Kere project must be redesigned to be bird-friendly
• What we lose when we lose a lake — the Mallathahalli Lake experience

Lack of public consultation is a hindrance to holistic lake development in Bengaluru was published on Citizen Matters, Bengaluru

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