Bangalore News

Monsoon to hit Karnataka in a day but BBMP yet to complete storm-water drain work  The Indian Express

Ballari's former mine workers look for space in emerging renewable ...  Mongabay-India

CM Siddaramaiah directs district officials to solve drinking water ...  Daijiworld.com

The Art of Living: Contributing to Reverse Climate Change with Innovative & Scalable Solutions  ThePrint

Indian National Congress’ election campaign hinged on five guarantees to the public: 1) Anna Bhagya, which guarantees 10 kg rice per head every month to families below poverty line (BPL); 2) Gruhalakshmi, where every woman head of the family will be given a monthly allowance of Rs 2,000; 3) Gruhajyoti, where households consuming up to 200 units of power will have free power supply; 4) Shakti, where every woman resident in Karnataka can travel free in all but luxury, AC buses; 5) Yuva Nidhi,  a scheme providing unemployment allowance of Rs 3,000 for graduates and Rs 1,500 for diploma holders for a limited period.

The five guarantees were a much publicised poll promise by the Congress. Ad in the Hindu on May 10, 2023. Pic: Bhanu Sridharan

During the first cabinet meeting held on June 1, 2023, Chief Minister Siddaramaiah promised that the government would implement five guarantees within this fiscal year. Since then, the government has issued orders for implementation of these schemes. Here is how you can access or help someone access these benefits.

Shakti Yojane or free bus travel Women travelling by BMTC bus. File photo

What is the scheme? Under the Shakti Yojane scheme, all women domiciled in Karnataka can travel free in all regular government run buses. Specifically, women can travel for free in ordinary and express buses run by the Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC), Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC), North Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation (NWKRTC), and the Kalyana Karnataka Road Transport Corporation (KKRTC). The scheme does not apply to luxury or AC buses. It only applies to travel within Karnataka; inter-state travel is not free.

When? The scheme will be operational from June 11th, Sunday.

Who is eligible? All women of all ages who are domiciled in Karnataka, i.e., have a permanent address in the state, can avail these benefits. This means women who have government issued identity cards with a Karnataka address, including students can access these benefits. But women who have migrated from other states for (formal or informal) work or education may not be eligible.

How to access: To avail these benefits, eligible women have to get smart cards within three months. They must apply for these smart cards through the Seva Sindhu Portal. However, the government has not yet issued any applications for these smart cards. Until smart cards are issued, eligible women must carry any government issued identity cards that show a Karnataka address, while traveling by these buses.

Read more: BMTC gets little budgetary support despite escalating losses due to higher fuel costs

Gruha Jyothi or electricity scheme Representative image. A locality lit up by house lights. Pic: Godwin D via Flickr CC BY 2.0

What is the scheme? While the Gruha Jyothi scheme has been called a free electricity scheme in the media, there are several caveats. Households or families that consume less than 200 units will not have to pay a fee. Previous electricity schemes such as Bhagya Jyothi and Kuteera Jyothi will be merged with this scheme.

When? Electricity bills from the month of July (issued in August) will come under the scheme.

Who is eligible? The scheme only applies to domestic households. Each household can register one unique RR number (Revenue Registration number assigned by BESCOM) for the scheme. Even within domestic households, eligibility for the scheme is based on the average units consumed in 2022-23. Households which consumed less than 200 units of electricity on average in 2022-23 are eligible for the scheme. These households can get the 2022 average units consumed plus an additional 10% for free. For instance, if you consumed an average of 100 units of electricity per month in 2022-23, you could get 110 units (100 units +10% of 100) free.

If the household consumes more than this allotted amount of electricity, but is still within the 200 units limit, only the excess amount will be billed. However, if a household consumes more than 200 units of electricity, they will be billed for the entire amount. For instance, if your allotted amount is 110 units but you consume 150 units in a month, you would be billed for the excess 40 units only. But if you consume 210 units, you would be billed for the entire amount.

How to access: To avail these benefits, consumers can register on the Seva Sindhu Portal with their RR numbers and upload proof of residence, i.e. documents like Aadhaar or a rental agreement must show the same address as the registered BESCOM meter. Applications will be open from June 15th. Importantly, one can also apply for the scheme offline at any Bangalore One, Grama One or Karnataka One centers.

You can also check out this FAQ by BESCOM: https://bescom.karnataka.gov.in/storage/pdf-files/aetomd/GruhaJyothiFAQ.pdf

Gruha Lakshmi or monthly financial assistance scheme Women can receive monthly financial assistance of Rs 2000 under the Gruha Lakshmi scheme, but conditions apply. Pic: Anshul Rai Sharma

What is the scheme? The Gruha Lakshmi scheme allows for monthly financial assistance of Rs 2,000 to women heads of the household.

When? The scheme is likely to be operational from August 15th. Applications must be submitted between June 15th and July 15th.

Who is eligible? The scheme only applies to women heads of households who hold a BPL (below poverty line), APL (above poverty line) or Antyodaya card issued by the Department of Food and Civil Supplies. Women who pay income tax or GST or have spouses who do so are not eligible. Female head of household can be self-declared, but only one woman from each house can apply. Applicant’s bank account must be paired with Aadhar, according to the government order.

How to access: To avail these benefits, eligible women must apply on the Seva Sindhu Portal between June 15th and July 15th. Applications can also be made in person, but the locations for physical applications have not yet been declared.  

Anna Bhagya or 10kg rice scheme

What is the scheme? The scheme provides for 10 kg of rice per month to every member of families, which are below poverty line.

When? The scheme will be operational from July 1st.

Who is eligible? All households which have a Karnataka state government issued BPL or Antyodaya Card are automatically eligible. There is no cap on number of family members.

How to access: There is no need to apply for this scheme. All BPL and Antyodaya Card holders automatically qualify from July 1st.

Read more: Interview Amit Basole: “PDS the most effective safety net, cash transfers the worst”

Yuva Nidhi or unemployment support Employment Exchange, Jayanagar. File photo. Pic: Akshatha M

What is the scheme? The Yuva Nidhi scheme provides monthly financial assistance to degree and diploma holders who have not got a job within six months of completing their education. The assistance will be for a maximum duration of two years. Degree holders will get financial assistance of Rs 3,000 per month and diploma holders will get financial assistance of Rs 1,500 per month. If the beneficiaries get a job within this two year period, they will have to declare this and the assistance will stop.

When? The dates for the scheme have not been announced yet.

Who is eligible? The scheme only applies to youth who are domiciled in Karnataka, i.e. have a permanent Karnataka address on their government issued ID cards.

How to access: Not yet announced

Also read:

• Rs 1.2 crores recovered as penalty from ineligible BPL card holders, some owned luxury cars
• The cost of high LPG prices: Environmental and health hazards in slums

Here’s how you can access the five guarantees promised by the new Karnataka government was published on Citizen Matters, Bengaluru

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They sure poured our heart into it  Bangalore Mirror

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Mission Green Hydrogen  Fortune India

Solar Open Access Installations Surge 68% in Q1 2023  Mercom India

The new rules for visitors in Cubbon Park, laid down by the Karnataka Horticulture Department, has been a topic of debate and discussion among citizens.

Visitors are not allowed to bring in food, not allowed to play games inside, and, the classic old issue made more stringent-no public display of affection, to the extent where couples are not allowed to sit too close to each other. While the security guards already have full power to keep couples in check for showing affection, they now in charge of ensuring the new rules are followed by all visitors. 

Reasons for the new rules 

“Some of these rules, like no photography and no PDA, have been around for a long time now, only a few new ones have been implemented, like no food and no games, for preserving the park and protecting the visitors,” says Bettegowda, Cubbon Park in-charge. “Despite multiple warnings, people throw food and plastic waste in the park right in front of our eyes, which is why we are not allowed to let visitors take food inside. In terms of not allowing games, people are less responsible in ensuring park properties are taken care of while playing games like cricket or badminton. This leads to the damage of properties,” he adds. 

Karnataka Horticulture Department claims to have implemented these rules in Cubbon Park and Lalbagh a couple of years ago. They have now been made more stringent to preserve the greenery of Cubbon Park from further damage. “Visitors are not allowed to bring their own food inside, but they can buy food from us and go inside,” says one of the shopkeepers, who sells corn outside the gate. While the fruit juices from the Horticulture Department can be sold inside the park, tea vendors are not allowed inside. 

Though the security guards are answerable to the authorities they report to, some say they have been a little lenient with the visitors with regard to the new rules. “We do not allow any food inside, but we still let people carry food from these stalls, otherwise it will hamper these small businesses,” says one of the guards. “The reason these strict laws are being imposed and we are asked to walk around with whistles and megaphones is that people are not responsible enough to respect the public space, in terms of littering, property damage, PDA, ecology protection, and a few other basic ethics,” another guard pipes in. 

Placards on ‘no PDA’ have been hung in several places across Cubbon Park. Pic: Harshitha Padmavinod Varied opinions of visitors

Most visitors do not agree with the new regulations in Cubbon Park. “Parks are meant for leisure. We come to these spaces for some time out from the hustle and bustle of the city. Now, with guards on their loudspeakers and restricting every bit of what you do and where you go inside the park makes leisure time tiresome,” says Deeksha, a regular visitor. “This is moral policing to tell people what is morally right and wrong by a few in power. This reduces the public space to yet another government office of sorts, and not really a place you can come to breathe in some fresh air,” complains Jayanth, a college student. 

However, a few regular visitors are in favour of the new rules. “Though people come to parks for some relaxation, there has to be some sort of regulations to protect the environment as well. Considering how poor people are with basic responsibilities, it only makes sense that these stringent rules come into effect. It is not difficult to not damage park property, not litter, or not make people feel uncomfortable with physical intimacy. If people find this difficult to comprehend and abide by, it’s only natural these rules will become more stringent,” says Padmaja, a regular walker in Cubbon. 

Regulations placard being hung up at Cubbon Park entrance. Pic: Harshitha Padmavinod Bengaluru and its parks 

Bengaluru has more than 1,200 parks and around 190 playgrounds, which already accounts for a small portion of area in comparison to the city’s total space. This further complicates the problem of accessibility, with most parks being closed during the middle of the day. “We have changed the timings, and most parks in the city are now open from 5 am to 10 am and are later reopened at 1:30 pm till 8 pm. We are obligated to close the gates for a few hours in the late mornings till early afternoons as we have to use that limited time to clean the premises, water the plants and trees, and maintain the park for the public’s benefit, though the closing hours tend to cause a bit of inconvenience,” says Chandrashekar, Deputy Director of Horticulture under Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP). 

Park management

While approximately more than 1,000 parks in the city fall under the jurisdiction of the BBMP Horticulture Department, the two largest parks in the city, Lalbagh Botanical Garden and Cubbon Park, are managed by the Karnataka Horticulture Department. 

Cubbon Park is not the first park to implement these rigid rules. “Plastic has been completely banned in Lalbagh for a few years now. These rules were first implemented here before it got extended to Cubbon Park. Though we let people take some snacks in containers and their personal water bottles, we insist they keep the premises clean inside the park,” says Sunita, security in-charge at Lalbagh.

How restrictions hamper citizen activities

With less than 200 playgrounds in the city, children now hardly have space for outdoor games due to park regulations. Taking DSLR cameras inside has been banned in many parks in the city, including Cubbon and Lalbagh, citing environmental reasons and based on complaints from visitors. In Jayaprakash Narayan Park, the guards check the bags of every visitor for food and cameras before letting them inside. “It has become a hassle crossing through the park each day, as I have to explain why I am carrying my tiffin box every time at the gate,” says Rachana, a college student, who walks through the park to get home.

The guards at Sankey Tank stop visitors from bringing food items at the gate, even the ones from the stalls outside. “People go and eat inside and litter the place every time, so it’s better to keep the whole eating business outside,” affirms the guard. Most parks in the city have these few basic regulations, which are implemented in varying levels of strictness.

“We charge visitors with a minimal ticket price only here at Lalbagh, as this is not a park, but a botanical garden,” says an officer at Karnataka Horticulture Department, on condition of anonymity. “We have sufficient resources to run both the public spaces under our jurisdiction and so far, we have received public support in managing these spaces in terms of any regulations we’ve imposed so far,” they say, although there are some contrasting opinions from the public. 

Read more: The cost of high LPG prices: Environmental and health hazards in slums

The government grants Rs 80 crore annually to the BBMP Horticulture Department to manage the parks under their jurisdiction, they claim there is no lack of resources or funding for managing the parks.

However, as per a 2022 TOI report, Rs 6.5 crore was sanctioned to develop and maintain 37 parks in Jayanagar and surrounding neighbourhoods. However, BBMP spent 85% of the funds on developing only six parks. Some never-ending park renovations with heavy funding, include JP Park (Rs 37 crore), which has been underway for more than seven months with extravagant lighting and setting up of a toy train and Sankey Tank, with Rs 30 crore, which has been under refurbishment for over a year now. 

According to the Karnataka Parks, Play-fields and Open Spaces (Preservation and Regulation) Act of 1985, ‘whoever throws any rubbish into any park, play-field or open space specified in the list published under section 4 or section 5 shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months or with fine or with both.’

As per a parks and playgrounds survey report by ichangemycity in 2017, 54% of the parks in the city contain garbage/ debris. The implementation of the Act is under question as not only do people continue to litter without bothering, but also despite there being a solution, it is not being implemented, though the departments claim to have imposed fines ranging from Rs 500 to 1,000 in most parks. 

Children playing in Cubbon Park. Pic: Harshitha Padmavinod Citizens equally responsible to making parks better public spaces 

The once ‘Garden City’ is now not only struggling to re-establish sufficient greenery amidst burgeoning urbanisation, but is also juggling to preserve the existing ecology, unfortunately at the cost of the public commons. While these stringent rules are mandatory to keep the ecology alive, the same rules are snatching away people’s diminishing leisure spaces. 

With Bengaluru already struggling with crippling lack of adequate open spaces for the public, and around a quarter of parks being closed most of the time, the preservation and renovation of parks is vital for the city. But this is not just the responsibility of lawmakers alone. If visitors have issues with stringent regulations in parks, then they must also adhere to basic ethics that have to be followed in public spaces. If the power of authorities are kept in check and the public follows basic civic responsibilities, then our parks will be protected and citizens will also enjoy their leisure time. 

Also read:

• Monsoon preparedness of lakes: Lack of planning in development of Gowdanapalya lake and Subbaraaya kere
• What Rs 23,000 crore of BBMP work orders show: 74% of funds for roads, drains

Do rules protect Bengaluru’s parks or restrict citizens’ freedom?  was published on Citizen Matters, Bengaluru

One-stop trash tool in city  Bangalore Mirror

Govt audit unearths 1,213 discrepancies in BBMP works  Deccan Herald

Petronas to pick 49% in ReNew project | Mint  Mint

Lokayukta IGP inspects K.R. Circle underpass  The Hindu

Bengaluru has been ranked the least liveable city, among Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Ahmedabad, in the 2022 Global Liveability Index by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU). While the parameters of such surveys are contested, living conditions in Bengaluru slums certainly comes close to such characterisation.

For example, the high price of liquified petroleum gas (LPG), a key household need, provided by Indian oil companies, has impacted people living in slums.

The reality on the ground

As one moves through the neighbourhood of Rajendra Nagar slum, large vessels are seen outside people’s houses. On asking the residents of the purpose of these vessels, it is clear that they are used to heat water. Due to the high price of gas cylinders, most slum residents prefer alternatives, especially when it comes to boiling/heating water, a necessity during winter months.

For a neighbourhood that suffers from water scarcity and intermittent water delivery at irregular hours through the week, getting warm water is far from a possibility. As a result, several families use vessels to boil water and choose not to use gas for this, lest they run out of fuel soon.

Outdoor cooking area in Rajendra Nagar slum, Bengaluru. Pic: Anshul Rai Sharma

Read more: Costly and scarce: Water access a daily struggle for Bengaluru slum dwellers

The issue of household air pollution

With low average household income, aggravated financial constraints due to the after effects of COVID-19 lockdown, the slum is deeply affected. Prince, a resident of the slum, states that his home also uses the bigger vessel with firewood to boil water. On probing, he admits that sometimes people use garbage items, like discarded plastic pieces as raw material to start a fire for cooking. This has led to increased levels of toxic fumes within these neighbourhoods. Small clouds of black smoke are visible from most of the streets throughout the day. This comes with severe consequences.

Declining health conditions are a major concern in a settlement that already suffers from a deficit of primary healthcare infrastructure. The entire neighbourhoods of Rajendra Nagar and LR Nagar, comprising more than 12,000 families, are dependent on one Primary Health Centre in LR Nagar, along with a few local clinics. As per the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, nearly 600,000 deaths in India in 2019 can be attributed to indoor air pollution.

In addition to this, it also has significant climate related consequences. Household air pollution contributes to 30% to 50% of the ambient air quality in India, according to CEEW’s State of Clean Cooking Energy Access in India (2021). This disproportionality affects women and children. Where the former are usually at the helm of cooking while the latter spends most of their daytime in these narrow lanes, where these vessels are kept.

Woman cooking outside her house in Rajendra Nagar slum, Bengaluru. Pic: Anshul Rai Sharma

Read more: Editorial: Can’t afford cooking oil, gas or vegetables? Eat less, or eat cake

Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY)

LPG connections are considered an essential welfare service and is the locus for sustainable household cooking.

Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) aims to address this by providing LPG connections among more than 80 million households, particularly people living below the poverty line (BPL). PMUY has certainly emerged as a flagship scheme, which intends to reach every household through gas connections.

Several estimates report more than 90% households have LPG connections. Karnataka itself boasts more than 32 lakh connections. However, it is difficult to ascertain how regularly these have been made available.

Affordability of refills

Not everyone is affected equally by rising LPG prices. Some families with high purchasing capacity are able to afford a new cylinder every month, which costs about Rs 1,100 in Bengaluru. A food shop owner, on the condition of anonymity, shares that he gets an extra cylinder in the black market at a higher price because of the large scale of cooking in their shop. The question remains, how can LPG be made not only accessible but also usable for families that already have a connection? This has to do with affordability of refills, which must be accounted for if the government wants to ensure that PMUY remains a credible intervention.

Further, there is a grave need to see climate-change related issues in slums as a consequence of deep infrastructural inequalities that force residents to make unsustainable choices. It is clear that the urban poor are at the forefront of climate change exigencies. If capacity building is seen as a way to make communities make better choices, then such unsustainable choices must be read as a consequence of lack of capacity. Policy makers and authorities must realise that at the core of unsustainable practices is the issue of prices and affordability. Without such supply-side changes, all rhetoric about ‘Sustainable Cities’ will be baseless, leading to further marginalisation of the urban poor from the newly emerging sustainability discourse.

Outdoor cooking vessels at Rajendra Nagar slum, Bengaluru. Pic: Anshul Rai Sharma Also read:

• Karnataka budget focuses on roads and buildings, not on people
• Rs 11,163 crore for the city, but social infrastructure gets short shrift again in BBMP budget
• Photo story: Life in single-room homes in Chennai

The cost of high LPG prices: Environmental and health hazards in slums was published on Citizen Matters, Bengaluru

Sami-Sabinsa Group Invests in Clean Energy  WholeFoods Magazine

NHPC exploring pumped storage development – pv magazine India  pv magazine India

Monsoon preparedness of lakes: Lack of planning in development of ...  Citizen Matters, Bengaluru

Tracing the truth behind the claims made by the previous government that “47 lakes had been developed under the Nava Nagarothana scheme at the cost of Rs 317.25 crore”, the author of this series, in a ground report, examines the state of Bengaluru’s lakes.

In the first part, he provides a detailed insight into the actual condition of three lakes, where rejuvenation was supposedly carried out. These were: Doddakallasandra lake, Kothanur Lake, Chunchaghatta lake, and Yelachenahalli lake.

In the second part, the author–who is a birdwatcher, a naturalist, and a passionate conservationist–gives detailed reports on the status of two other lakes: Gowdanapalya lake and Subbaraya Kere.

Gowdanapalya Lake

Gowdanapalya Lake or Gowdanapalya Kere is a peculiar case, where rejuvenation started more than a year ago. BBMP constructed a diversion channel, after which the restoration work has been paused for unknown reasons.

One of the reasons, BBMP claims, is due to an ongoing case with regard to the lake. The basic structure of inlet and outlets have been done, but the stone pitching work for retaining of water is incomplete. The lake bed was cleaned up a while ago.

During the previous monsoon, too, there were issues due to uncleared silt, which was lying around, along with heaps of plastic and many other pollutants (including medical waste). When it started raining, this silt, along with the rest of the garbage, settled back across the lake bed and has been lying like that since then.

The gradient of Gowdanapalya lake is on a lower level and feeds into Dorekere. It receives water from Padmanabhanagar area and a secondary stream (SWD) feeds into the lake. A lot of rainwater and untreated water enters the lake. It was there for the last few months. The lake receives a lot of water, which dries up by March (summer). During the dry season, the water from the stormwater drain usually does not enter the lake, as the inlet is higher than the SWD. However, during the rainy season due to the quantum of water in the rajakaluve/secondary stream, which is mixed with sewage and garbage, it entered the lake.

Hydrology of the lakes in the Vrishabhavathi River Basin. Pic courtesy: Paani.earth

The video below clearly shows how the inlet is filled with solid waste and plastic. The diversion channel is also not in a healthy condition.

Accumulated silt, tree branches, and plastics, are in the lake. As it is, the lake is filled with so much plastic, bigger waste material, such as mattresses, some furniture, among other things, are strewn about on the lake bed.

State of Gowdanapalya lake. Pic: Raghavendra B Pachhapur

The lake bed also has small islands of polluted water, already in an algal bloom stage. Rain showers bring in more plastic and other unwanted things into the lake bed. I visited BBMP, personally met the chief engineer and requested him to at least clear the lake bed so that less rainwater comes inside the lake.

But all my requests have gone in vain. For the last one month, I have been regularly monitoring the changes, but there is hardly any progress. BBMP should immediately clear the waste on the lake bed and prepare it for the monsoons so that the city can get good rainwater.

Otherwise we will miss one more season. It is a loss to the ecology, if we don’t do something about it. Despite so much money being spent, two seasons have already been wasted.

Read more: A historical lens on Bengaluru’s drains

Subbaraaya Kere

Subbaraaya Kere is a very small lake, which is under five acres. As it is located on a lower side of the gradient, the lake attracts a lot of rainwater. Unfortunately, it is not well planned. The DPR also doesn’t show how it is going to collect the rainwater and channelise it to the lake.

This year too, it rained in the wrong season. It is ideal to dewater around January/February so that by March, the lake bed would be dry for desilting. If this is delayed by a month or two, we face a monsoon which can upset the works and the lake may not be ready to collect rainwater.

Despite this knowledge, the rainwater channelling commenced during the last week of May, when it was about to rain. As expected, when it rained heavily, a portion of the bund collapsed and water started seeping from the bund region. This was highlighted, and later they corrected it with a small stone structure, which generalises a little bit of rainwater.

But the way it is collected, the drain system is not in place even now, despite the issue being brought to their notice. The DPR doesn’t mention this in the plan at all. The inlets are made in small structures and it is still seems like a temporary structure.

There are inlets that have a sewage diversion channel. There have been a few spells of rain. And it has already taken so much sewage and plastic to the lake bed that there is no mechanism to stop the solid waste entering into the lake.

And as a peculiar case, one side of the lake also gets a lot of rainwater from the road from the top of the Jambusavari Dinne. Arrangements have been made so that there is no water logging on the road.

A few inlets that are too small, measuring just four inches have been made. While this too brings a lot of rain to the lake, of course it comes with plastic and solid waste, which is supposed to be cleaned. So, despite being a new lake, the design has not been properly planned in advance.

How do we plan it well so that the issues with the lake are avoided in future?

Our approach to lake rejuvenation is very engineering centric without any thought to ecology. All lakes are approached with a cookie cutter method, where the lake is developed into a soup bowl, which is devoid of any vegetation. The lake vegetation is not only a source for biodiversity – fish, amphibians, birds, etc- but also serves as a livelihood for people who forage wild greens.

With monsoons around the corner, in the backdrop of the two unfortunate deaths, which occurred during the Summer rainfall, this calls for urgent action on the part of the authorities.

Clogged sewage diversion channel, temporary inlet structure at Subbaraaya Kere. Pic: Raghavendra B Pachhapur Also read:

• Lack of stormwater drain planning in Bengaluru is a risk factor for future floods
• Faulty execution in BBMP SWD works has led to floods

Monsoon preparedness of lakes: Lack of planning in development of Gowdanapalya lake and Subbaraaya kere was published on Citizen Matters, Bengaluru